The example uses a PRIMARY KEY constraint to protect the table against users inserting duplicated values, and it uses the NEWSEQUENTIALID() function in the DEFAULT constraint to provide values for new rows. If the table contains FILESTREAM data and the table is partitioned, the FILESTREAM_ON clause must be included, and must specify a partition scheme of FILESTREAM filegroups. Memory-optimized tables are part of the In-Memory OLTP feature, which is used to optimize the performance of transaction processing. You can mark one or both period columns with HIDDEN flag to implicitly hide these columns such that SELECT * FROM doesn't return a value for those columns. PRIMARY KEY constraints default to CLUSTERED, and UNIQUE constraints default to NONCLUSTERED. The default is OFF. Both the seed and increment or neither must be specified. The following example creates a table with two encrypted columns. Expand the database in which to create the new database user. Microsoft 365 licensing guidance for security & compliance.. All Microsoft Purview Information Protection solutions are implemented by using sensitivity labels.To create and publish these labels, go to the Microsoft Purview compliance portal.. First, create and configure the sensitivity labels that you want to make available for apps and other services. From the File menu, click New Query. Provide the partition number of a partition, for example: Provide the partition numbers for several individual partitions separated by commas, for example: Provide both ranges and individual partitions, for example: A local temporary table created in a stored procedure is dropped automatically when the stored procedure is finished. Any user can create temporary tables in tempdb. Enables system versioning of the table if the datatype, nullability constraint, and primary key constraint requirements are met. For additional data compression examples, see Data Compression. Alias data types can't be part of the expression. Based on the expressions that are used, the nullability of computed columns is determined automatically by the Database Engine. NULL isn't zero or blank: NULL means no entry was made or an explicit NULL was supplied, and it typically implies that the value is either unknown or not applicable. Specifies the name to be used for the primary key constraint that is automatically created on the FileTable. If not specified, database_name defaults to the current database. FOREIGN KEY constraints can reference only tables within the same database on the same server. Cross-database referential integrity must be implemented through triggers. The collation must be case-insensitive to comply with Windows operating system file naming semantics. Create(String, Int32, FileOptions, FileSecurity) Creates or overwrites a file in the specified path, specifying a buffer size, options that describe how to create or overwrite the file, and a value that determines the access control and audit security for the file. DROP TYPE (Transact-SQL) You can create a rowstore index before there is data in the table. To modify a user-defined type, you must drop the type by using a DROP TYPE statement and then re-create it. mask_function is the name of the masking function with the appropriate parameters. When changing an existing password, select Specify old password, and then type the old password in the Old password box. For a report about the amount of space allocated and used by a table, execute sp_spaceused. Encrypts the entries in sys.syscomments that contain the text of the CREATE VIEW statement. This column must have the same data type as the column on which the constraint is defined. The table is still created without the FOREIGN KEY constraints. DURABILITY = SCHEMA_ONLY is only allowed with MEMORY_OPTIMIZED = ON. For a disk-based table, delay specifies the minimum number of minutes a delta rowgroup in the CLOSED state must remain in the delta rowgroup before SQL Server can compress it into the compressed rowgroup. This can be used for archival, or for other situations that require a smaller storage size and can afford more time for storage and retrieval. CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.TruncateMyTable WITH EXECUTE AS SELF AS TRUNCATE TABLE MyDB..MyTable; Examples: Azure Synapse Analytics and Analytics Platform System (PDW) O. Supported constraints include PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, and CHECK. In this article. The maximum value for BUCKET_COUNT in hash indexes is 1,073,741,824. Sparse columns must always allow NULL. For code samples showing how to create memory-optimized table types, see Creating a Memory-Optimized Table and a Natively Compiled Stored Procedure. bucket_count is a required argument. The name of the database in which the table is created. If the Database Engine encounters NO ACTION, it stops and rolls back related CASCADE, SET NULL and SET DEFAULT actions. The table can be referenced by any nested stored procedures executed by the stored procedure that created the table. CLR integration does not apply to Azure SQL Database. If current table is partitioned, the history table is created on default file group because partitioning configuration isn't replicated automatically from the current table to the history table. The default is OFF. The following shows how to use NONCLUSTERED inline for disk-based tables: Creates a table with an anonymously named compound primary key. constant_expression in a DEFAULT definition can't refer to another column in the table, or to other tables, views, or stored procedures. Specifies the filegroup for FILESTREAM data. If the column is a computed column, its nullability is always automatically determined by the Database Engine. Applies to: SQL Server (Starting with SQL Server 2014 (12.x)) and Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Database, and Azure SQL Managed Instance. These constraints create indexes. All temporary tables are created in the dbo schema. The name of the database in which the table is created. The following examples show to how to create a table that has a sparse column, and a table that has two sparse columns and a column set. SQL user with password. To view Transact-SQL syntax for SQL Server 2014 and earlier, see Previous versions documentation. For example, if the table has integer columns a and b, the computed column a + b may be indexed, but computed column a + DATEPART(dd, GETDATE()) can't be indexed because the value may change in subsequent invocations. On the following page, select Self-Hosted to create a Self-Hosted IR, and then select Continue . NOT NULL can be specified for computed columns only if PERSISTED is also specified. Using WITH ENCRYPTION prevents the view from being published as part of SQL Server replication. C#. If a table has one or more FILESTREAM columns, the table must have one ROWGUIDCOL column. You can create local and global temporary tables. Otherwise, an error is raised. A warning message will occur when duplicate key values are inserted into a unique index. FOREIGN KEY constraints are applied to the preceding column, unless source columns are specified. Specify PAUSED to pause or postpone data migration. If a FOREIGN KEY constraint is specified in a temporary table, the statement returns a warning message that states the constraint was skipped. When OFF or a FILLFACTOR value it not specified, the intermediate level pages are filled to near capacity leaving enough space for at least one row of the maximum size the index can have, considering the set of keys on the intermediate pages. For more information including feature constraints, see Always Encrypted. This operation incurs data transfer costs, and it can't be canceled. Select the API template and click Create. To get started with In-Memory OLTP see Quickstart 1: In-Memory OLTP Technologies for Faster Transact-SQL Performance. By default, period columns aren't hidden. ROWGUIDCOL also doesn't automatically generate values for new rows inserted into the table. If you attempt to specify a column that doesn't meet the above data type or nullability requirements, the system will throw an error. Specifies the name of the collation to be applied to the Name column in the FileTable. The ledger view also contains the following additional columns: Transactions that include creating ledger table are captured in sys.database_ledger_transactions. The Database Engine raises an error, and the update action on the row in the parent table is rolled back. Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13.x) and later. For more information, see updateable ledger tables and temporal tables. For memory-optimized tables, the nullable key column is allowed. Table or specified partitions are compressed by using page compression. Select Next.. On the Owners page, choose the name of one or more people who will be designated to SQL Server documentation uses the term B-tree generally in reference to indexes. C#. Note In the CREATE TABLE statement, the NOT FOR REPLICATION clause can be specified for the IDENTITY property, FOREIGN KEY constraints, and CHECK constraints. Specifies the order in which the column or columns participating in table constraints are sorted. Conversely, if NO ACTION is specified, the Database Engine raises an error and rolls back the delete action on the Vendor row if there is at least one row in the ProductVendor table that references it. Hash indexes are supported only on memory-optimized tables. Column and table indexes can be specified as part of the CREATE TABLE statement. The following parameters must be specified for data retention to be enabled. The options are as follows: Table or specified partitions aren't compressed. Create a Microsoft 365 group. Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13.x) and later, Azure SQL Database, and Azure SQL Managed Instance. When changing an existing password, select Specify old password, and then type the old password in the Old password box. class_name must be a valid identifier and must exist as a class in the assembly with assembly visibility. Create a Microsoft 365 group. Specifies a percentage that indicates how full the Database Engine should make the leaf level of each index page during index creation or alteration. If this value isn't specified, the system generates a name for the constraint. The name of the database in which the table is created. A logical expression that returns TRUE or FALSE. Arguments database_name. For decimal or numeric, is a non-negative integer that indicates the maximum number of decimal digits that can be stored to the right of the decimal point, and it must be less than or equal to the precision. A computed column can be used as a key column in an index or as part of any PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraint, if the computed column value is defined by a deterministic expression and the data type of the result is allowed in index columns. Azure SQL Managed Instance does not support memory optimized tables in General Purpose tier. ON { partition_scheme | filegroup | "default" } can also be specified in a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraint. Indicates the number of buckets that should be created in the hash index. This data consistency check ensures that existing records don't overlap. When OFF, automatic statistics updating are enabled. The storage of any large value column data specified in CREATE TABLE can't be subsequently altered. Four functions are available: For function parameters, see Dynamic Data Masking. If not specified, database_name defaults to the current database. Create a stored procedure that runs a SELECT statement. When neither of the ANSI_NULL_DFLT options is set for the session and the database is set to the default (ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT is OFF), the default of NOT NULL is assigned. The ROWGUIDCOL property can be assigned only to a uniqueidentifier column. WebRequest myWebRequest = WebRequest.Create (url); // Send the 'WebRequest' and wait for response. An updatable ledger table must also be a system-versioned table. This means that a global temporary table is dropped at the completion of the last Transact-SQL statement that was actively referencing the table when the creating session ended. All the values that make up the foreign key are set to NULL when the corresponding row in the parent table is updated. Only the rows violating the uniqueness constraint will fail. Use large value types out of row option of sp_tableoption to store the entire LOB value out of the row. Creates the specified index on the specified filegroup. In backward compatible syntax, WITH IGNORE_DUP_KEY is equivalent to WITH IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON. Prerequisites. The Database Engine does this by internally appending a numeric suffix to each local temporary table name. All the values that make up the foreign key are set to their default values when the corresponding row in the parent table is updated. A string representing the target URL is used as the constructor parameter. If a primary key is defined on a CLR user-defined type column, the implementation of the type must support binary ordering. All other local temporary tables are dropped automatically at the end of the current session. If the name of a history table is specified during history table creation, you must specify the schema and table name. Creates the specified index on the default filegroup. This feature is available for Azure SQL Database. This restriction is required to avoid ambiguity during SQL Type resolution if a CLR type can be mapped to more than one user-defined type. Nullability is determined according to the column definition. Use this argument with the. In this context, default is not a keyword. If nullability isn't specified, all columns participating in a PRIMARY KEY constraint have their nullability set to NOT NULL. The entire INSERT operation will be rolled back. Each of the ledger view option specifies a name of a column, the system will add to the view, in addition to the columns defined in the ledger table. A constraint that enforces entity integrity for a specified column or columns through a unique index. To set different types of data compression for different partitions, specify the DATA_COMPRESSION option more than once, for example: You can also specify the XML_COMPRESSION option more than once, for example: Specifies one or more index options. In user-defined table types, structured user-defined types that are used in column_name are part of the database schema scope in which the table type is defined. Applies to: SQL Server 2022 (16.x) and later, and Azure SQL Database Preview. Fill factor values 0 and 100 are the same in all respects. If any columns in the CREATE TABLE statement are defined to be of a user-defined type, REFERENCES permission on the user-defined type is required. Supported constraints include PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, and CHECK. The value of SCHEMA_ONLY indicates that the table is non-durable. For examples showing how to add or remove system versioning on an existing table, see System Versioning in Examples. A ledger database (a database created with the LEDGER = ON option) only allows the creation of ledger tables. Because a constraint name isn't specified, the system supplies the constraint name. The sequence number of a row-level operation within the transaction on the table. Indicates that the column is a sparse column. Specify INBOUND to copy the remote data for the table from Azure SQL Database back to SQL Server and to disable Stretch for the table. Each row in the ledger view represents either the creation or deletion of a row version in the ledger table. The ID of the transaction that created or deleted a row version. The Database Engine raises an error and the delete action on the row in the parent table is rolled back. In the Create a new ASP.NET Core Web Application dialog, confirm that .NET Core and ASP.NET Core 3.1 are selected. The following example shows how to create a system-versioned memory-optimized temporal table linked to a new disk-based history table. The reference columns must be specified in the same order that was used when specifying the columns of the primary key or unique constraint on the referenced table. Valid only for varbinary(max) columns. This can improve concurrency by enabling locks to escalate to partition (HoBT) level instead of the table. For more info about enabling Stretch for a table, see Enable Stretch Database for a table. Change directories (cd) to the folder that will contain the project folder. Specifies the data compression option for the specified table, partition number, or range of partitions. The filegroup must have one file defined for the filegroup by using a CREATE DATABASE or ALTER DATABASE statement; otherwise, an error is raised. Azure SQL Database The FILESTREAM_ON clause allows FILESTREAM data to be moved to a different FILESTREAM filegroup or partition scheme. For more information about tables, see CREATE TABLE (Transact-SQL). base_type is sysname, with no default, and can be one of the following values: bigint binary( n ) bit char( n ), date datetime datetime2 datetimeoffset, decimal float image int, money nchar( n ) ntext numeric, nvarchar( n | max) real smalldatetime smallint, smallmoney sql_variant text time, tinyint uniqueidentifier varbinary( n | max) varchar( n | max). NULL | NOT NULL Working with User-Defined Types in SQL Server, More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge, Creating a Memory-Optimized Table and a Natively Compiled Stored Procedure, Use Table-Valued Parameters (Database Engine), Working with User-Defined Types in SQL Server. This feature will be removed in a future version of Microsoft SQL Server. Local temporary tables are visible only in the current session, and global temporary tables are visible to all sessions. Conversely, if NO ACTION is specified, the Database Engine raises an error and rolls back the update action on the Vendor row if there is at least one row in the ProductVendor table that references it. The default column name is ledger_operation_type_desc. Foreign keys on computed columns must also be marked PERSISTED. For more information about logical records, see Group Changes to Related Rows with Logical Records. It is an identifier for the default filegroup and must be delimited, as in TEXTIMAGE_ON "default" or TEXTIMAGE_ON [default]. Based on the values of column col1 of PartitionTable, the partitions are assigned in the following ways. Encrypts the entries in sys.syscomments that contain the text of the CREATE VIEW statement. For more information about data types, see Data Types (Transact-SQL). When you use CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE to create or alter a table, database and session settings influence and possibly override the nullability of the data type that is used in a column definition. The default schema of the current user in the current database. The ProductVendor.BusinessEntityID foreign key references the Vendor.BusinessEntityID primary key. The filegroup must already exist. If you provide a filter predicate that performs poorly, data migration also performs poorly. If any exist, the dependent rows in the ProductVendor table are deleted, and also the row referenced in the Vendor table. DEFAULT definitions can't be created on columns with a timestamp data type or columns with an IDENTITY property. A constant, NULL, or a system function that is supported in used as the default value for the column. MEMORY_OPTIMIZED Specify OUTBOUND to migrate data from SQL Server to Azure SQL Database. INDEX *index_name* [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] (*column_name* [ ASC | DESC ] [ , *n* ] ). For recommendations on when to use COMPRESSION_DELAY, see Get started with Columnstore for real time operational analytics. INDEX This is the typical choice. Specifies the partition scheme that defines the filegroups onto which the partitions of a partitioned index will be mapped. The temporal table must have a primary key defined to be enabled for the table to be enabled for system versioning. The ROWGUIDCOL property doesn't enforce uniqueness of the values stored in the column. Specifies a dynamic data mask. For more info, see Enable Stretch Database for a database. Only a constant value, such as a character string; a scalar function (either a system, user-defined, or CLR function); or NULL can be used as a default. The option has no effect when executing CREATE INDEX, ALTER INDEX, or UPDATE. The default is 0. The column must match that specified in the partition function that partition_scheme_name is using in terms of data type, length, and precision. If a column is nullable, and there is no explicit default value set, NULL becomes the implicit default value of the column. Select Add a group.. On the Choose a group type page, select Microsoft 365, and select Next.. On the Basics page, type a name for the group, and, optionally, a description. To rename a table, use sp_rename. Temporary tables can't be referenced in FOREIGN KEY constraints. When OFF, row locks aren't used. Applies to: SQL Server 2014 (12.x) and later, and Azure SQL Database. The maximum value for BUCKET_COUNT in hash indexes is 1,073,741,824. Nevertheless, the actual number of FOREIGN KEY constraints that can be used is limited by the hardware configuration and by the design of the database and application. If not specified, CONTENT is the default behavior. If schema_name is not specified, the default name resolution rules for determining the schema for the current user apply. In the Create a new ASP.NET Core Web Application dialog, confirm that .NET Core and ASP.NET Core 3.1 are selected. base_type can also be any data type synonym that maps to one of these system data types. This example creates a table that has a sparse column. Azure SQL Database Applies to: SQL Server 2016 (13.x) and later, and Azure SQL Database. CLR user-defined types are created with the. Within a database, there can be only one user-defined type registered against any specified type that has been uploaded in SQL Server from the CLR. If the trigger schema name is specified to qualify the trigger, qualify the table name in the same way. The login for the current connection must be associated with an existing user ID in the database specified by database_name, and that user ID must have Only one identity column can be created per table. C#. When the FILESTREAM storage attribute is specified for a column, all values for that column are stored in a FILESTREAM data container on the file system. SQL Server documentation uses the term B-tree generally in reference to indexes. Arguments database_name. If a local temporary table is created in a stored procedure or application that can be executed at the same time by several sessions, the Database Engine must be able to distinguish the tables created by the different sessions. From the File menu, click New Query. Space is generally allocated to tables and indexes in increments of one extent at a time. class_name is case-sensitive, regardless of the database collation, and must exactly match the class name in the corresponding assembly. fillfactor must be an integer value from 1 to 100. For more information, see decimal and numeric (Transact-SQL). Applies to: SQL Server 2008 R2 (10.50.x) and later. Applies to: SQL Server (Starting with SQL Server 2008 (10.0.x)). To change the HIDDEN attribute for an existing period column, PERIOD must be dropped and recreated with a different hidden flag. If the HISTORY_TABLE argument is used to create a link to and use an existing history table, the link is created between the current table and the specified table. On the following page, select Self-Hosted to create a Self-Hosted IR, and then select Continue . When you enable Stretch for a table by specifying ON, you can optionally specify MIGRATION_STATE = OUTBOUND to begin migrating data immediately, or MIGRATION_STATE = PAUSED to postpone data migration. The default is OFF. Attempts to create a table with LEDGER = OFF will raise an error. To create a database, the user login must be one of the following principals: The server-level principal login; The Azure AD administrator for the local Azure SQL Server; A login that is a member of the dbmanager database role; Additional requirements for Specifies to create an index on the table. COLUMNSTORE specifies to compress with the most performant columnstore compression. The integration of .NET Framework CLR into SQL Server is discussed in this topic. Multiple CHECK constraints for a column are validated in the order they are created. The default is NO ACTION. For more info, see Stretch Database. The association between a task and a table is maintained only for the life of a single Transact-SQL statement. Constraint names must be unique within the schema to which the table belongs. Specifies the class within the assembly that implements the user-defined type. If the trigger schema name is specified to qualify the trigger, qualify the table name in the same way. DEFAULT definitions are removed when the table is dropped. If not specified, database_name defaults to the current database. If the table isn't partitioned, the ON PARTITIONS argument will generate an error. Use a rowstore index to improve query performance, especially when the queries select from specific columns or require values to be sorted in a particular order. Specifies the error response when an insert operation attempts to insert duplicate key values into a unique index. When you specify a filter predicate, you also have to specify MIGRATION_STATE. We recommend that you specify NOT NULL on the partitioning column of partitioned tables, and also nonpartitioned tables that are sources or targets of ALTER TABLESWITCH operations. Specifies a column used by the system to automatically record information about row versions in the table and its history table (if the table is system versioned and has a history table).